Research
Evidence
Evidence consists of facts, data, examples, and expert opinions that support your claims. Without strong evidence, arguments become mere opinions.
Types of Evidence
- Statistical — numerical data and research findings
- Expert testimony — opinions from recognized authorities
- Anecdotal — personal stories and specific examples
- Historical — past events and established patterns
- Case studies — detailed analysis of specific examples
Evaluating Quality
| Criteria | Question to Ask |
|---|---|
| Authority | Is the source reputable? |
| Recency | Is the information current? |
| Objectivity | Is the source free from bias? |
| Accuracy | Can the information be verified? |
The Quote Sandwich
- Introduce the source and context
- Present the quote or data
- Analyze its significance
Evidence without analysis is just information. Always explain why it matters.
Example
Weak: "A study shows 78% of teens use social media daily."
Strong: "According to a 2023 Pew Research study, 78% of teens use social media daily—a rate that has more than doubled since 2012, suggesting a fundamental shift in how adolescents communicate (Smith, 2023)."
Quick Tips
- Use multiple types of evidence
- Always cite your sources
- Explain how evidence supports your claim
- Choose quality over quantity