Citation
Chicago Style
Chicago Style is a comprehensive citation format used primarily in history, humanities, and professional publishing. It offers two systems: Notes-Bibliography and Author-Date.
When to Use Chicago
- History papers and research
- Some literature and humanities courses
- Professional publishing
- Art history and cultural studies
Two Systems
| System | Format | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Notes-Bibliography | Footnotes + bibliography | History, arts |
| Author-Date | Parenthetical citations | Sciences, social sciences |
Notes-Bibliography Examples
Footnote:
- John Smith, "Article Title," Journal Name 45, no. 2 (2020): 123.
Bibliography: Smith, John. "Article Title." Journal Name 45, no. 2 (2020): 120-135.
Author-Date Examples
In-text: (Smith 2020, 123)
Reference: Smith, John. 2020. "Article Title." Journal Name 45 (2): 120-135.
Chicago's flexibility makes it adaptable to many disciplines.
Quick Tips
- Check which system your instructor prefers
- Footnotes allow for commentary, not just citations
- Use shortened footnotes for repeated sources
- Ibid. refers to the immediately preceding source